FRIDAY'S SCRIPT TIP:

THE SUBPLOT PRISM


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To keep your script focused, you need to chose ONE external conflict. Your subplots will part of that conflict... like splinter beams from a prism. Each beam illustrates a different aspect of the main conflict or shows a different step in the solution of the main conflict. Dealing with each subplot moves your protagonist closer to the solution of the main plot. Or each character's relationship to your protagonist may be a little story that helps to illustrate the theme of the big story. Each of these stories will usually have a beginning, middle, and end.

In the STORY: WELL TOLD Blue Book I look at Paul Guay and Stephen Mazur's LIAR LIAR where each of the supporting characters shows a different aspect of the protagonist's conflict (the main plot), creating contrast with the protagonist which helps to define both characters. I call this the Thematic Method - where everything in the story is connected by a common theme conflict.

Fletcher Cole (Jim Carrey) works as a lawyer, where lies are valued. But every character in the LIAR LIAR, including extras and walk ons, are a reflection of the Fletcher's emotional conflict - from the law firm's Senior partner who has no respect for the truth, to Fletcher's client who is willing to lie on the witness stand to win her case, to Fletcher's secretary who is forced to lie for her boss all of the time, to the partner who turns down the case because he refuses to lie. Fletcher is a divorced dad who lied about an affair who is representing a woman who has had numerous affairs in a divorce case. His client's husband is a good father who is being punished because he is honest. Loved ones are being hurt by lies in almost every subplot. Every character in the film has honesty issues to deal with... they are exploring the main plot through their stories - like splinter beams that combine to form white light.

Each subplot is connected to the main plot. They aren't a succession of small obstacles that confront the protagonist, they are reflections of the central conflict. Subplots grow from the main plot and the theme - they support and enhance the main plot. They add shading to your story. Those scenes with Fletcher Cole and his secretary may seem like they are only there to help define Cole's character, or show another aspect of him... but they are also plot and theme related! Those subplot are part of the main story - and you can't tell the story without them! Removing them sends the whole story crashing to the ground. Every scene in your script should be required to tell the story... or it serves no purpose. Every scene in your script should contain the DNA necessary to clone the script - the conflict, the theme, the emotional dilemma.


THE SHAPE OF SUBPLOTS

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Guillermo del Toro and Vanessa Taylor’s THE SHAPE OF WATER is a charming but dark fairy tale that takes place in the early 1960s during the height of the Cold War. Elisa (Sally Hawkins) and Zelda (Octavia Spencer) are janitors in a top secret government scientific facility in Maryland where they clean up piss and poop in the men’s rooms, mop floors and polish desks and empty waste baskets. Elisa is beautiful but lonely - she is a mute with heavy scars on her neck. An outsider due to her “disability”... a freak. Zelda is African American in this time before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and is an outsider due to her race. They are close friends, working side by side and covering for each other when one of the bosses or scientists or military guys tries to push them around. In a government research lab, it’s all about rank - all about who has authority over who. And *everyone* outranks these two women.

One day, a new Head Of Security, Strickland (Michael Shannon) takes over - becoming the ultimate authority. He has brought a lab specimen with him - an aquatic man creature (Doug Jones) who looks like The Creature From The Black Lagoon... only more colorful, and with huge soulful eyes. I’m going to call him Gill-Man even though he has no name in the film... he’s a magical creature. Strickland is strict, bigoted, and sees this specimen as a *thing* to be studied... and that includes cut apart. He has a cattle prod that he uses on the creature when it doesn’t do what it is told... or when Strickland wants to show it who is boss.

SPOILERS AHEAD!

The story has Elisa and Gill-Man developing a friendship, which grows into a romance, and then Strickland decides there’s nothing more they can learn from the living specimen and it’s time to cut it open and look at it’s organs. Elisa and her friend Giles hatch a plan to steal Gill-Man and hide him in her bathtub until the fall rains come and she can set him free in the sea. The film is beautiful and whimsical and funny and emotional and the sets and locations are a movie version of Baltimore in the 60s that is slightly exaggerated the way the city was not quite real in THE MATRIX. It’s an idealized 1962 Baltimore, because this is a fairy tale and not reality.


CONNECTED SUBPLOTS

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Elisa lives in an apartment above a luxurious old movie palace, and the sounds from the cinema sometimes drift up through the floorboards. Her next door neighbor, Giles (Richard Jenkins) is an old Gay man who works as an illustrator for advertisements... when photos are beginning to take over. His character has two subplot threads... maybe three if you count his toupee. Giles frequents a diner that specializes in pies because he has a crush on the handsome young waiter (Morgan Kelly). Giles takes Elisa there for key lime pie, just so he can flirt with the young man, who seems to flirt back. Oh, Giles always wears his toupee when he goes to the diner. Giles has a refrigerator full of uneaten key lime pie slices... he isn't after the pie. Giles other subplot has to do with being fired from his job at an advertising company for an unspoken reason... but we understand that it's because he's Gay. Giles has several conversations with an ex-coworker about getting his old job back, and is doing some spec illustrations of a family eating Jello to help land an account. Both of these subplots deal with Giles being Gay, and – SPOILER – also deal with Giles being an outsider, unaccepted by society due to his sexuality. A freak! So both of these subplots (and his toupee use) are connected to the main plot through being an outsider.

At the top secret government lab, the sympathetic scientist Dr. Hoffstetler (Michael Stuhlbarg) is against cutting open the creature, which he believes to have feelings and intelligence. He is a man on science in a military installation, and every time he has a conversation with Strickland we can see how little science is respected in this Cold War world. Studying a newly discovered life form is silly if you can't weaponize it. Strickland is constantly making fun of him, belittling him. To Strickland, intelligence is a sign of weakness. Hoffstetler has two subplot threads – trying to convince Strickland to keep the specimen alive and continue to study it, and – SPOILER – that's he's actually a Soviet spy. His Soviet contact is no different than Strickland – they don't respect him as a scientist and see him as an outsider amongst the spies. They speak Russian, he spends most of his time speaking English. They also only care about the creature as something to be weaponized. In both subplots, Dr, Hoffstetler is an outsider... a freak!

Zelda has a subplot with her husband Brewster (Martin Roach) who she frequently complains to Elisa about. When we finally meet him, he is the authority figure in their house, and strong willed Zelda doesn't have the final word. She is a woman, and this is a man's world. When another man comes into the house, Zelda is the outsider and the two men discuss issues that concern Zelda's future as if she isn't there.

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Oh, I haven't really talked about Gill-Man, who is the ultimate outsider... the ultimate freak. Maybe the last of his species, he is also lonely and an outsider. Even though he is beautiful, Strickland only sees that he is different... and anything different must be destroyed. That is the central conflict that all of the characters in the story are dealing with - Elisa is beautiful but different, Giles is beautiful but different, Zelda is beautiful but different, and even Hoffstetler is beautiful in his own scientific way but also different. By looking at different *types* of beauty and different types of different in each of these characters and their subplots, even when we follow a supporting character on their subplot thread - that is informing the main story about Elisa and Gill-Man. Strickland wants to destroy anything that is different no matter how beautiful, and even though Giles and Strickland only share a few seconds of screentime - Strickland is trying to kill him!

Strickland is our antagonist and some have noted that he’s almost a villain. So he has been given a couple of subplots designed to give him some “character shading” - he may be the ultimate authority at the top secret installation, but not in the military. His boss General Hoyt (Nick Searcy) is the bully in charge of the bully - always pushing Strickland for results. Of course, Strickland chooses a brutal path to get results, so the villainy is still his rather than General Hoyt’s. The other subplot takes us home with Strickland to meet his wife and family, and one of the great things with this subplot is that it not only shows a different side of the character, it shows us what a 1962 “perfectly normal” family is supposed to look like. Perfect wife, perfect kids, perfectly manicured front lawn. That adds an element of contrast when we look at Elisa’s home life or Zelda’s home life. Strickland’s suburbia is how society wants all of us to be... and doesn’t really accept the freaks. There’s a nice subplot thread concerning Strickland buying a perfect new car, but he hates the color. What color is it? Teal - basically the color of the Gill-Man. Because this car is tied to society acceptable status, he ends up defending the color... but he still doesn’t defend the Gill-Man. Here the new car’s *color* is a connection to the main plot. Always be thinking of *unity* - what connects the elements of your subplot to the main plot?


ALL FOR ONE

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Each of these outsiders are bullied by the authority figures in the story, so their subplots are splinted beams from the main plot. The reason why these folks all come together to help Gill-Man is that they share the same issues in their lives. Different versions of these issues, just as the different beams from the prism are different colors of light – yet all still light. Each subplot thread doesn’t distract from the main plot, it adds to it. When Giles is being ostracized because he is Gay in one of his subplots, that shows the audience how the Gill-Man must feel when he is being treated like a thing by Strickland.

And Strickland is *brutal* with Gill-Man. At one point, there is so much blood after trying to get the specimen to “conform” that Zelda worries that she will become sick cleaning it up. That’s another aspect of bringing all of the splinter beams of the story together - Zelda and Elisa are tasked with cleaning up the messes after Strickland’s sessions with Gill-Man, which logically brings both women close to creature. They are connected to the physical conflict. Elisa is the protagonist of this story, so the people around Elisa are connected to the story - but not every single character... only the “freaks”. Only the character who carry the theme and emotional conflict with them. Elisa probably goes to the supermarket and the shoe store and interacts with people, but none of those characters are part of this story. Giles is.

And there’s a moment where their landlord pops up - the owner of the cinema. Though there is a plot reason for him to be in the scene, part of his conversation is about how the movie showing at the cinema isn’t attracting an audience because it’s unusual... so he gives them a couple of free tickets. So the cinema owner’s conversation is thematic even though his purpose is plot related. All of these characters are connected to the story! Any character who isn’t connected to the story and theme is left on the “cutting room floor” and never makes it into the screenplay or film.

Once you know the big emotional conflict which your protagonist will be forced to resolve, or the theme of your screenplay, you can create subplots and supporting characters which illustrate different aspects and potential outcomes. That way you will be digging deeper into the story rather than grafting on unrelated subplots from the outside. You don’t want *random* subplots and supporting characters, you want the supportying characters who support the protagonist’s story. Subplots which are specific to this story who are involved in conflicts which are specific to this story.


Your Story Checklist:
1) What is your story’s theme? Protagonist’s emotional conflict? Protagonists’s physical conflict? How are they connected?
2) Are your subplots connected to that main story?
3) Are your supporting characters connected to that main story?
4) Do the supporting characters show different aspects of the central conflict?
5) Is every subplot required to tell the story?

Subplots are all part of the main plot. Not grafted on from the outside, not random. Connected. It’s all part of the same story. All splinter beams from the story - different colors of light that are part of that main light beam.


COMING SOON!

How Do I do That?

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101 SCREENWRITING ANSWERS Blue Book!

New to screenwriting? You probably have questions! How do I get an Agent? How do I write a phone conversation? Do I need a Mentor? What’s does VO and OC and OS mean? What is proper screenplay format? Should I use a pen name? Do I need to movie to Hollywood? What’s the difference between a Producer and a Production Manager, and which should I sell my script to? How do I write a Text Message? Should I Copyright or WGA register my script? Can I Direct or Star? How do I write an Improvised scene? Overcoming Writer’s Block? How do I write a Sex Scene? And many many more! This book has the answers to the 101 Most Asked Questions from new screenwriters! Plus a Glossary of terms so that you can sound like a pro! Everything you need to know to begin writing your screenplay!

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The First Ten Pages Of Your Screenplay Are Critical,
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My New Script Secrets Newsletter!


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BRAND NEW

OUTLINES & THE THEMATIC!

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ARE YOUR SCENES IN THE RIGHT ORDER?
AND ARE THEY THE RIGHT SCENES?

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DESCRIPTION & VOICE Blue Book!

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IS HALF OF YOUR STORY IN TROUBLE?

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READY TO BREAK IN?

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NEW!

*** BREAKING IN BLUE BOOK *** - For Kindle!


Should really be called the BUSINESS BLUE BOOK because it covers almost everything you will need to know for your screenwriting career: from thinking like a producer and learning to speak their language, to query letters and finding a manager or agent, to making connections (at home and in Hollywood) and networking, to the different kinds of meetings you are will have at Studios, to the difference between a producer and a studio, to landing an assignment at that meeting and what is required of you when you are working under contract, to contracts and options and lawyers and... when to run from a deal! Information you can use *now* to move your career forward! It's all here in the Biggest Blue Book yet!

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STORY: WELL TOLD!

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SUBPLOTS?

*** SUPPORTING CHARACTER SECRETS *** - For Kindle! (Exclusive)


Expanded version with more techniques to flesh out your Supporting Characters and make them individuals. Using the hit movie BRIDESMAIDS as well as other comedies like THE HANGOVER and TED and HIGH FIDELITY and 40 YEAR OLD VIRGIN and many other examples we look at ways to make your Supporting Characters come alive on the page. Print version was 48 pages, Kindle version is around 170 pages!

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*** VINTAGE #1: HOW TO WRITE PHOTOPLAYS *** - For Kindle!

***

Screenwriting books have been around as long as films have. This series reprints vintage screenwriting books with a new introduction and history, plus new articles which look at how these lessons from almost 100 years ago apply to today’s screenplays. Anita Loos book is filled with information which still applies. In addition to the full text of the original book, you get the full screenplay to Miss Loos' hit THE LOVE EXPERT, plus several new articles on the time period and women in Hollywood.

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I WRITE PICTURES!

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BEST SELLER!

*** YOUR IDEA MACHINE *** - For Kindle!

*** YOUR IDEA MACHINE *** - For Nook!

Expanded version with more ways to find great ideas! Your screenplay is going to begin with an idea. There are good ideas and bad ideas and commercial ideas and personal ideas. But where do you find ideas in the first place? This handbook explores different methods for finding or generating ideas, and combining those ideas into concepts that sell. The Idea Bank, Fifteen Places To Find Ideas, Good Ideas And Bad Ideas, Ideas From Locations And Elements, Keeping Track Of Your Ideas, Idea Theft - What Can You Do? Weird Ways To Connect Ideas, Combing Ideas To Create Concepts, High Concepts - What Are They? Creating The Killer Concept, Substitution - Lion Tamers & Hitmen, Creating Blockbuster Concepts, Magnification And The Matrix, Conflict Within Concept, Concepts With Visual Conflict, Avoiding Episodic Concepts, much more! Print version is 48 pages, Kindle version is over 175 pages!

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PRO DIALOGUE TECHNIQUES!

*** DIALOGUE SECRETS *** - For Kindle!

*** DIALOGUE SECRETS *** - For Nook!

Expanded version with more ways to create interesting dialogue! How to remove bad dialogue (and what *is* bad dialogue), First Hand Dialogue, Awful Exposition, Realism, 50 Professional Dialogue Techniques you can use *today*, Subtext, Subtitles, Humor, Sizzling Banter, *Anti-Dialogue*, Speeches, and more. Tools you can use to make your dialogue sizzle! Special sections that use dialogue examples from movies as diverse as "Bringing Up Baby", "Psycho", "Double Indemnity", "Notorious", the Oscar nominated "You Can Count On Me", "His Girl Friday", and many more! Print version is 48 pages, Kindle version is over 175 pages!

Only $4.99 - and no postage!



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FINAL DRAFT SOFTWARE

Use your creative energy to focus on the content; let Final Draft take care of the style. Final Draft is the number-one selling application specifically designed for writing movie scripts, television episodics and stage plays. Its ease-of-use and time-saving features have attracted writers for almost two decades positioning Final Draft as the Professional Screenwriters Choice. Final Draft power users include Academy, Emmy and BAFTA award winning writers like Oliver Stone, Tom Hanks, Alan Ball, J.J. Abrams, James Cameron and more. * * * Buy It!

copyright 2024 by William C. Martell


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E BOOKS PAGE

bluebook E BOOKS: New Blue Books and Novelettes!
I am expanding all of the Blue Books from around 44 pages of text to around 200 pages! Some are over 250 pages! See what is availabale and what is coming soon!Also, I've been writing Novelletes and there will soon be novels.
E BOOKS: BLUE BOOKS & NOVELLETES

ONLINE CLASSES
Furious Action Class
MY OTHER SITES

B MOVIE WORLD
Cult Films, Exploitation, Bikers & Women In Prison, Monster Movies.

FIRST STRIKE PRODUCTIONS
Producing my own scripts, investment possibilities, pipe dreams.

NAKED SCREENWRITING MP3s

Naked Class The NAKED SCREENWRITING CLASS ON MP3! The 2001 London Class on 8 MP3s! Recorded *live* the morning after the Raindance Film Festival wrapped. The two day class on 8MP3s, plus a workbook, plus a bonus MP3 with PDFs.
The 2 Day Class on MP3!

BOOKSTORE

Every screenwriting book in the world!
SCREENWRITER'S BOOKSTORE
In Association With Amazon.com
From the latest screenwriting book to guides for finding agents and producers... all with at the Amazon.com discount!

BOOKLETS & PRODUCTS

bluebook FIRST STRIKE BLUE BOOKS
Each Blue Book is 48 pages and focuses on a different aspect of screenwriting. Dialogue. Visual Storytelling. Your First Ten Pages. Act 2 Booster. Protagonists. Great Endings.
Seventeen Blue Books now available!

THE SECRETS OF ACTION SCREENWRITING The Best Nuts & Bolts Screenwriting Book On The Market!

BILL'S CORNER

My nineteen produced films, interviews with me in magazines, several sample scripts, my available scripts list... And MORE!
...............................BILL'S CORNER


Available Scripts

CLASSES ON MP3

Class MP3s CLASSES ON MP3! Take a class on MP3! GUERRILLA MARKETING - NO AGENT? NO PROBLEM! and WRITING THRILLERS (2 Full length classes on MP3). Now Available: IDEAS & CREATIVITY, WRITING HORROR, WRITING INDIE FILMS, more!
Take classes on MP3!